Your Bible A Tutorial in Using Key Scriptural Passages when Engaging in Evangelism1 Supernatural physical body.
44 It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiri-
2 Mortality cannot inherit God’s Kingdom.
tual body. There is a natural body, and there isa spiritual body.… 50 Now this I say, breth-
3 Other New Testament verses.
ren, that flesh and blood cannot inherit the king-dom of God; neither doth corruption inherit in-corruption.
The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society teaches that at the resurrection Christ was raised as a spirit creature in a non-physical,immaterial form.1 Jehovah’s Witnesses often point to 1 Corinthians 15 to support their spiritual resurrection doctrine. Yet theimmediate context, as well as the whole of New Testament theology, teaches that Christ was raised in a glorified, immortalphysical body. EXPLANATION 1. Supernatural or Spirit-directed physical body. Jehovah’s Witnesses understand the phrase “spiritual body” to refer to a non- physical, or immaterial form. Yet linguistic considerations, as well as the context of the passage, argue against such an interpre- tation. The words translated “spiritual body” are the Greek words soma pneumatikos. Scholar Robert Gundry has argued forcefully that the word soma (translated “body” in this passage), when used of persons in the New Testament, always refers to the physical body.2 So Paul must be speaking here of a physical body that is in some sense spiritual. But this spiritual characteristic is not properly understood as immaterial. Earlier in this chapter Paul draws a contrast between the natural bodies we have now and that which will come forth in the resurrection (vss. 39-41). In verses 42 and 43 Paul draws a series of contrasts between the pre- and post-resurrection bodies: the body that dies is “sown” in the ground as perishable, dishonorable, weak and natural. The body that is raised is imperishable, glorious, powerful and spiritual. The proper understand- ing of the word “spiritual” (Greek pneumatikos) is not immaterial, but rather supernatural or “Spirit-directed.” This meaning is clear for two reasons. First, this passage teaches that there is a physical continuity between the body or “seed” that is sown in the ground in death (vs. 37) and the glorified physical body that is raised at the resurrection with its new characteristics (made clear by Paul’s pre- and post-resurrection body contrasts). Second, Paul uses the word “spiritual” with the meaning of supernatural in 1 Cor. 10:1-4 when referring to the spiritual food and water that God provided for the Israelites during their wilderness wander- ing. The sustenance God provided for them was not immaterial, but rather, the source was supernatural because it came from God Himself. 2. Mortal humanity not prepared for God’s Kingdom. The phrase “flesh and blood,” which are said not to be fit for the Kingdom of God, is not to be understood as teaching that Christ’s post-resurrection body was immaterial. The phrase is a Hebrew idiom for humanity in its present pre-resurrection state of weakness and mortality. This understanding is clear when we consider the latter part of the verse which states that corruption must inherit incorruption and immortality through the transformation of our physical bodies at the resurrection at the end of the ages (vss. 52-54). This transformation involves a change from a corrupt- ible physical body to an incorruptible physical body fit for service in the Kingdom of God, not a change from a physical to a non- physical body. 3. New Testament testimony to Christ’s bodily resurrection. In addition to 1 Cor. 15 being a strong testimony to Christ’s physical, bodily resurrection, other New Testament passages support this doctrine as well. Christ told the religious leaders that if they destroyed the temple of his body he would raise it again in three days (John 2:18-22). And in Luke’s gospel the disciples initially thought that the risen Christ was a spirit. He corrected their misunderstanding stating that his glorified body had flesh and bones. He then allowed the disciples to touch his body and ate in their presence to demonstrate the physical nature of his transformed body and the reality of his conquering of death (Luke 24:36-39). When properly understood 1 Cor. 15 provides powerful testimony to the physical, bodily resurrection of Christ which is an essential element of the genuine gospel that Jehovah’ Witnesses need to hear.
1 Robert Gundry, Soma in Biblical Theology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976), 168.
2 Let God Be True (Brooklyn: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, 1952), 40-41. KEY TO USING THIS PAGE
The biblical passage is highlighted in blue to indicate that this is a passage to which alternative religions use to support their unique teachings aboutChrist. The notes to the left of the passage can be written in the margins of a Bible to help explain the passage (however, do not write the numbers). Thenumbers correspond with the detailed explanations at the bottom of the page. These explanations help readers to fully understand the meaning of eachmarginal note.
The Watchman Expositor: Vol. 18, No. 1, 2001 17
JUNE 2002 STATE REPRESENTATIVE — 166TH DISTRICT DISTRICT OFFICE: CAPITOL OFFICE: Prescription assistance program for Medicare recipients Several pharmaceutical companies have created aindividuals and $38,000 for couples, and not be eligibleprescription drug assistance program for Medicarefor any other prescription assistance, includingrecipients who earn too much to
The gastro-intestinal tract in systemic sclerosis Professor László Czirják Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease abnormality affecting the vessels and the connective tissue. Besides the skin, joints, muscles, several internal organs can also be involved in SSc including the gastrointestinal tract (GI).