ABRIDGED PRELIMINARY AUDITED GROUP RESULTS for the year ended 30 September 2013
t Turnover increased 18% to R5,45 billion
t EBITDA increased 11% to R1,1 billion
t HEPS decreased 17% to 350,5 cents
t Acquisition of Cosme brands in India concluded
at a cost of R782 million
t Shareholder approval pending for scheme of arrangement
proposing a cash and shares transaction with CFR
t Departure from stated dividend policy and no final dividend
Adcock Ingram is a leading South African pharmaceutical manufacturer, marketer and distributor. The Company has a 10% share of the private pharmaceutical market in South Africa with the leading presence in over-the-counter brands. The Company is South Africa’s largest supplier of hospital and critical care products. Its footprint extends to India and other territories in sub-Saharan Africa.The extensive product portfolio includes branded and generic prescription medicines, over-the-counter/fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) brands, intravenous solutions, blood collection products and renal To be recognised as a leading world-class branded healthcare company.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Year ended TURNOVER (3 208 798) Gross profit (699 635) (211 930) (104 941) (329 530) Operating profit Profit before taxation (246 878) Profit for the year Other comprehensive income, which will subsequently be recycled to profit or loss
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations
Net profit on available-for-sale asset, net of tax
Movement in cash flow hedge accounting reserve, net of tax
Total comprehensive income for the year, net of tax Profit attributable to: Owners of the parent Total comprehensive income attributable to: Owners of the parent
Basic earnings per ordinary share (cents)
Diluted basic earnings per ordinary share (cents)
Headline earnings per ordinary share (cents)
Diluted headline earnings per ordinary share (cents)
1 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
Attributable to holders of the parent attribut- ordinary share Share Retained controlling reserves interests As at 1 October 2011
Disposal of non-controlling interests in National Renal Care
Acquisition of non-controlling interests in Ayrton Drug
Balance at 30 September 2012 (audited)
Acquisition of non-controlling interests in Ayrton Drug
Share issue expenses incurred by subsidiary
Balance at 30 September 2013 (audited) 2 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL POSITION
ASSETS Property, plant and equipment Non-current assets Current assets Total assets EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Capital and reserves Issued share capital Total equity Non-current liabilities Current liabilities Total equity and liabilities 3 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013 Year ended Cash flows from operating activities Operating profit before working capital changes (630 598) Cash generated from operations (347 118) (216 090) Net cash (outflow)/inflow from operating activities Cash flows from investing activities Decrease in other financial assets
Acquisition of Cosme business, net of cash
(821 593)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment – Expansion
(279 111)
Proceeds on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Net cash outflow from investing activities (1 165 180) Cash flows from financing activities Acquisition of non-controlling interests in Ayrton Drug Manufacturing Limited
Share issue expenses incurred by subsidiary
(426 995) Net cash outflow from financing activities (443 043)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(1 636 512)
Net foreign exchange difference on cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year (1 144 923) 4 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013
NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
BASIS OF PREPARATION 1.1 Introduction
The abridged preliminary consolidated annual financial statements for the year ended 30 September 2013 have been prepared in compliance with the Listings Requirements of the JSE Limited, the framework concepts and the measurement and recognition requirements of International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”), the requirements of the International Accounting Standards (“IAS”) 34: Interim Financial Reporting, SAICA Financial Reporting Guidelines as issued by the Accounting Practices Committee and Financial Pronouncements as issued by the Financial Reporting Standards Council and the Companies Act, No. 71 of 2008. These statements were compiled under the supervision of Mr AG Hall (CA (SA)), Deputy Chief Executive and Financial Director and have been audited in terms of section 29(1) of the Act.
The accounting policies used in the preparation of these results are in accordance with IFRS and are consistent in all material respects with those used in the audited annual financial statements for the year ended 30 September 2012. The following revised Interpretation has been adopted in the current year: IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements.
External auditors, Ernst & Young Inc., have issued their opinion on the Group’s annual financial statements for the year ended 30 September 2013. The audit was conducted in accordance with International Standards on Auditing. The auditor responsible for the audit is WK Kinnear. They have issued an unmodified audit opinion on the consolidated annual financial statements and abridged preliminary consolidated financial statements. These preliminary abridged summarised consolidated financial statements have been derived and are consistent in all material respects with the Group’s annual financial statements. A copy of their audit report is available for inspection at the Company’s registered office. 1.2 Changes in accounting policies
The accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year, except for the adoption of the following amended IFRS interpretation during the year. When the adoption of the interpretation is deemed to have an impact on the financial position or performance of the Group, its impact is described below:
IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements (Amendment)
The IASB has issued an amendment to IAS 1: ‘Presentation of Financial Statements’, which was effective for the Group from 1 October 2012. The main change resulting from this amendment is a requirement for entities to group items presented in other comprehensive income on the basis of whether they are subsequently potentially reclassifiable to profit or loss (reclassification adjustments). The amendment does not address which items are presented in other comprehensive income. REVENUE Turnover SEGMENT REPORTING Turnover Southern Africa (192 094) 5 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013 SEGMENT REPORTING continued Contribution after marketing expenses (CAM) Southern Africa (434 471) (104 941) (329 530) Total assets Southern Africa INVENTORY The amount of inventories written down recognised as an expense in profit or loss CAPITAL COMMITMENTS – Contracted HEADLINE EARNINGS Earnings per share is derived by dividing earnings attributable from continuing operations to owners of Adcock Ingram for the year, by the weighted average number of shares in issue. Headline earnings is determined as follows: Earnings attributable to owners of Adcock Ingram
Adjusted for:Impairment of leasehold improvements and intangible assets
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Tax effect on loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment
Headline earnings 6 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013 SHARE CAPITAL Number of shares
Number of A and B shares held by the BEE participants
Number of ordinary shares held by the BEE participants
Number of ordinary shares held by Group company
Net shares in issue
Headline earnings and basic earnings per share are based on:Weighted average number of shares
Diluted weighted average number of shares
8 BUSINESS COMBINATION 8.1 Cosme Farma Laboratories Limited (Cosme)
On 17 January 2013, the Group acquired certain assets of Cosme, a division of the Cosme Group, based in Goa, India. Cosme is a mid-sized sales and marketing pharmaceutical business which has been operating in the Indian domestic pharmaceutical market for the past 40 years and is ranked in the top 70 in India, per IMS Health, with a sales force of approximately 1 000 staff.
The fair value of the identifiable assets as at the date of acquisition was:
30 Sep 2013 Assets Property, plant and equipment Total identifiable net assets at fair value Purchase consideration
Included in cash flows from investing activities
The significant factors that contributed to the recognition of goodwill of R61,5 million include, but are not limited to, the establishment of a presence within the domestic Indian market, with local management and expertise to drive the company’s product sales into the various channels and customers that exist within this market.
The purchase price consideration includes an amount of R48,1 million which was paid into an escrow account, to cover any possible breaches of warranties as per the asset purchase agreement.
From the date of acquisition, Cosme contributed R168,8 million towards revenue.
As the assets purchased were fully integrated into the Indian business, it is not possible to determine the exact contribution towards profit before income tax. Cash outflow on acquisition
Transaction costs of R4,2 million have been expensed during the year and are included in fixed and administrative expenses. 9 SUBSEQUENT overdraft
Subsequent to year-end, a secured term loan of R1 billion was agreed with Nedbank, replacing a portion of the current
bank overdraft. The secured loan will bear interest at JIBAR +176 points. Interest will be payable quarterly in arrears and the capital will be repaid in December 2018.
9.2 CFR Pharmaceuticals S.A. (CFR)
In announcements released by the Company on the JSE Limited’s Stock Exchange News Service (“SENS”) on 3 July 2013,
15 August 2013, 11 September 2013 and 30 October 2013, the Company notified Adcock Ingram shareholders of a potential offer, to acquire control of the Company, by CFR, incorporated in Chile.
On 15 November 2013, the Company announced on SENS:
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DFSUBJOBSSBOHFNFOUTXJUIUIF$PNQBOZTCMBDLFDPOPNJDFNQPXFSNFOUQBSUOFSTBOEQBSUJDJQBOUTJOUIF$PNQBOZTFNQMPZFFJODFOUJWFTDIFNFTBOE
JGUIF4DIFNFJTJNQMFNFOUFEUIFEFMJTUJOHGSPNUIF+4&PGUIF$PNQBOZTTIBSFTBOEUIFMJTUJOHPG$'3POUIF+4&CZXBZPGBsecondary listing. 7 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013 SALIENT FEATURES Turnover increased 18% to R5,45 billion EBITDA increased 11% to R1,1 billion HEPS decreased 17% to 350,5 cents Acquisition of Cosme brands in India concluded at a cost of R782 million Shareholder approval pending for scheme of arrangement proposing a cash and shares transaction with CFR Departure from stated dividend policy and no final dividend proposed
This was a particularly challenging year for the Company. Reasonable revenue growth was obtained, but trading margins came under pressure as a result of competitive market conditions and the weaker Rand. Also, the Board-led process to respond to expressions of interest for control of the Company necessitated very significant effort and resources and also required that certain other strategic growth initiatives be suspended.
FINANCIAL REVIEW Turnover The acquisition of Cosme, a mid-sized Indian pharmaceutical sales and marketing business, was concluded in January 2013. This acquisition, together with recent South African tender awards and the effect of multinational (MNC) contracts concluded towards the end of 2012, supported turnover growth of 18,4% to R5,446 million (2012: R4,599 million).
Volumes increased 10,1%, influenced by the South African tender awards and new business in the product mix accounted for 5,4% of the overall increase. Price increases across the business averaged only 2,9% for the year, but an improvement from the figure of 1,9% at the half-year. In the Prescription segment, the Single Exit Price (SEP) increase of 5,8% granted by the State in March 2013 was implemented only on products where market conditions allowed.
Profits Gross profit for the year increased by 6,8% to R2,237 million (2012: R2,094 million) with the margin declining from 45,5% to 41,1%. Gross margin as a percentage of sales was adversely impacted by the change in mix with higher volumes of low-margin MNC and tender sales, and the significantly weaker Rand, which affected imported raw materials and finished products. The average exchange rates for inventory procurement were R9,20 (2012: R7,85) and R11,71 (2012: R10,50) for US Dollar and Euro imports respectively, with total contracts settled during the year amounting to R1,28 billion (2012: R755 million).
Operating expenses increased by R121 million or 9,9% to R1,346 million (2012: R1,225 million). The increase includes Cosme operating expenses not in the base (including amortisation of R33,4 million) of R137,8 million, a foreign exchange gain of R42,4 million and M&A-related project costs of R35 million relating to the current corporate activity.
Operating profit increased by 2,5% to R891 million (2012: R869 million) with the percentage on sales reducing from 18,9% to 16,4%. Finance costs, net of investment income, were R45,4 million, compared to R18,5 million income realised in the prior year as the average cash position turned into a net overdraft position following the acquisition of Cosme.
After net finance costs, equity accounted earnings and dividends received, profit before tax decreased 4,4% to R848 million (2012: R887 million). The effective tax rate for the year normalised at 29,1% (2012: 19,0%). The previous year’s tax rate benefitted from a Strategic Industrial Project (SIP) allowance for capital projects, which reduced that year’s tax charge by R86 million. Headline earnings The improved turnover, lower margins, good cost control and expiry of tax allowances, all combined, delivered headline earnings for the year ended 30 September 2013 of R591,0 million. This represents a 17,2% decrease over the comparable figure for 2012 of R713,4 million and translates into a decrease of 17,0% in headline earnings per share. Cash flows and financial position Cash generated from operations was R574 million (2012: R785 million) after working capital increased by R631 million (2012: R292 million). Although receivables increased by R311 million, trade accounts receivable days at the end of the year of 62 days improved on the 65 days reported in 2012.
Inventory increased by R602 million, including inventory relating to new MNC and tender business of R127 million and R54 million relating to Datlabs and the Cosme business in India. The overall inventory holding cost also increased (R123 million) due to the exchange rate impact. The increase in inventory experienced during the year is a function of a deliberate decision to grow the business and improve service levels, but stringent focus will be placed on normalising these inventory levels in the coming year. 8 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013
The increase in accounts receivable and inventory was partly offset by the increase in payables of R356 million. After net finance income, equity accounted earnings, dividends of R347 million (2012: R155 million) and taxation, the cash outflow was R28 million (2012: R458 million inflow).
Total capital expenditure for the year amounted to R344 million (2012: R512 million) which includes upgrading the distribution facility (R80 million), as well as the construction of the central laboratory at the high-volume liquids facility in Clayville (R72 million). Wadeville invested almost R50 million on the addition of two new granulation suites.
During the year R400 million was repaid on the loan facility for the factory upgrades. The remaining balance of R100 million will be paid in December 2013. Following the acquisition of the Cosme business for R821 million, cash decreased by R1,6 billion, leaving the business in a year-end overdraft position of R1,1 billion (2012: R493 million net cash position).
Dividend In terms of the conditions of the scheme of arrangement, more fully detailed in the combined circular to shareholders of the Company dated 18 November 2013, the Board of directors has agreed not to pay a final dividend in respect of the year ended 30 September 2013. This amounts to a departure from the stated dividend policy of paying dividends covered between two and three times by headline earnings. BUSINESS OVERVIEW Southern Africa This segment encompasses all of the businesses in the Southern African region namely OTC, Prescription and Hospital. Overall, the region posted a sales increase of 13,4%, despite consumers remaining under pressure. Volumes were boosted by increased tender awards and we expect to see further increases in volumes of ARV’s supplied in terms of the current ARV tender award.
Margins have been negatively impacted by the weakening of the Rand, competitive trading conditions, inflation-plus cost increases, and the change in mix, with higher proportions of MNC and tender business at lower margins, resulting in the contribution after marketing expenses (CAM) decreasing almost 6% to R1,177 million (2012: R1,246 million).
OTC sales increased by 12% to R2,002 million (2012: R1,792 million), with a good performance from economy brands in pharmacy and schedule 0 brands in the FMCG channel. Premium brands remain under pressure but are showing growth relative to the market. Adcock Ingram is number 1 in 5 categories in the Pharmacy channel including: Pain, Colds & Flu, Allergy, Digestive Care and Feminine Health and number 2 in Supplements, as measured by IMS at 30 September 2013. In the FMCG channel, Adcock Ingram is number 1 in Supplements and Feminine Health and is number 2 in Pain and Digestive Wellbeing, as measured by Aztec and Nielsen at year-end.
The OTC portfolio comprises a basket of both premium and economy brands from Schedule 2 medicines to Complementary Alternative Medicines, and some Personal Care products. These are sold through both the Pharmacy and FMCG channel. The broad portfolio has benefited Adcock Ingram, considering the economic pressure on consumers, as has the increase in proactive self-care and self-medication. The core OTC brands – Panado, Corenza, Citro Soda and Allergex – have managed to hold or improve their market positions, despite aggressive competition.
The strategic move to participation in economy brands in OTC over the last few years has reduced the Company’s reliance on a few core brands, driven volume growth and will continue to grow competitive advantage in the OTC sector.
Turnover in the Prescription business increased by 21,9% to R1,853 million (2012: R1,520 million). This was impacted by new multinational collaborations and success in the most recent ARV and other oral dosage tender awards. Hospital turnover increased by 4,6% over the comparable year to R1,176 million (2012: R1,124 million) with increased tender volumes. However, the change in mix impacted margins negatively. The Renal portfolio reflects continued growth through peritoneal dialysis, haemodialysis and Continuous Renal Replacement Technology (CRRT). Rest of Africa and India Turnover growth in the Rest of Africa was 42% over last year. In Ghana, Adcock Ingram product sales continue to grow due to expansion in territorial coverage and increased marketing activities, but the core Ayrton brands’ performance was almost flat.
In East Africa, sales increased by 60% compared to the same period last year, driven by expansion in the OTC therapeutic areas, increased marketing activities and the re-introduction of Dawanol. 9 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013
In Zimbabwe sales growth was supported by efficiencies in the supply chain and the introduction of CamphaCare which has received country-wide acceptance. India recorded total sales of R386 million (2012: R140 million), with the Cosme business contributing R169 million since its acquisition in January 2013. These sales were adversely impacted during a six-week transition phase, when sales force union activity reduced productivity. These union issues were subsequently resolved and the business is well placed to provide satisfactory growth next year. SUPPLY CHAIN 5IFDBQBDJUZBU8BEFWJMMFGPSUBCMFUJOHXJMMCFEPVCMFEUISPVHIUIFBEEJUJPOPGUIFUXPHSBOVMBUJPOTVJUFTUIFTFBSFFYQFDUFE to be completed by the end of this calendar year, with commercial production in March 2014. The expansion is being done with little or no disruption in the operation of the rest of the factory and will place Adcock Ingram in a stronger position to take advantage of additional capacity for both of Government’s next general tablet tender and ARV tablet tender.
Product-by-product approval is being granted by the Medicines Control Council (MCC), following completion of validation batches for manufacturing in the Clayville plant. Various MNC’s have also conducted audits at the facility with positive outcomes.
The inventory supply issues experienced during the upgrade at Aeroton have been resolved and the focus is now on efficiency and cost reduction. Additional equipment to increase the capacity at the Bangalore facility has been installed and is showing benefits. LOGISTICS Distribution volumes on a unit basis have increased by 23% compared to the previous financial year, with pallet capacities in the network remaining a challenge. Distribution expenses, as a cost per unit, have decreased by 6% year on year, after cost saving initiatives and synergies were realised following the closure of certain warehouses. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT The industry is currently responding to the Department of Health’s (DoH) request for commentary regarding the 2014 SEP adjustment. The DoH guideline calculation should yield an increase of 8,9%.
In India, the new National Pricing Policy of 2013 covering the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM), which includes 342 drugs and its formulations, was announced, effective 1 August 2013. All companies in India are now required to issue revised prices for products covered under this Policy. The introduction of the NLEM necessitated a price reduction in five Cosme brands. The total annual sales of these brands is approximately R20 million with price erosion of approximately 40% expected.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS On Friday, 15 November 2013 the Company published a joint announcement together with CFR Pharmaceuticals S.A. (incorporated in the Republic of Chile) (“CFR”) regarding the firm intention by CFR to make an offer to acquire 100% of the issued share capital of the Company, other than the issued A and B ordinary share capital of the Company and any ordinary shares held by subsidiaries of the Company, by way of a scheme of arrangement. On Monday, 18 November 2013, a combined circular to the shareholders of the Company (“the combined circular”) was distributed, and is available on the Company’s website www.adcock.com. The combined circular contains notices convening general meetings of shareholders of the Company to be held on Wednesday, 18 December 2013. PROSPECTS The tender business is benefiting from significantly increased volumes which are expected to drive greater efficiencies in the supply chain.
The multinational partner of choice strategy continues to deliver attractive value with the recent addition of Lundbeck. Additional collaborations are to be explored to continue the path of revenue stream diversification and to decrease mature product dependence. Supply chain collaborations will support the extension of multinational partnerships into sub-Saharan Africa.
Recent successful product launches have included Adco-Irbesartan, Adco-Allopurinol and Metformin. However, registration delays at the MCC continue to impede the ability of the Company to bring new products to the market. 10 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013
The East Africa turnaround is continuing with regulatory bottlenecks in Uganda and Tanzania having been resolved. Inspection of Adcock Ingram’s factories by the Ethiopian Pharmaceutical Regulatory Authorities has commenced and bodes well for entry into that growing market. In Ghana, the new management team is progressing well with revamping the manufacturing and distribution infrastructure.
The impact of the current economic climate on consumer spending is concerning. Margins will continue to be impacted by cost pressures, including the impact of the weak Rand on active ingredient prices.
The continuing consolidation of the global pharmaceutical market has again challenged the long-term sustainability of Adcock Ingram’s business, which has almost 90% of turnover derived from South Africa, a small market representing less than 0,5% of the global market. It has become increasingly apparent that Adcock Ingram should pursue a tie-up with another international pharmaceutical player to optimise its value, now that modernisation of its facilities is essentially complete.
The offer from CFR to acquire control of the Company would result in Adcock Ingram becoming part of a leading, diversified, emerging markets pharmaceuticals company with a presence in more than 23 countries and employing more than 10 000 people. The combined company would benefit Adcock Ingram with access to high-growth markets for certain products in its OTC and ARV portfolio, and expanded manufacturing opportunities.
South Africa would remain core to the proposed merged company with Adcock Ingram’s factories playing a key role in the combined group. The planned increase in production in South Africa would require additional investment and increased employment in the factories, and lead to increased exports from South Africa.
KDK Mokhele Deputy Chief Executive and Financial Director11 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013 12 Adcock Ingram Abridged Preliminary Audited Group Results 2013 ADCOCK INGRAM HOLDINGS LIMITED Incorporated in the Republic of South Africa Registration number 2007/016236/06 Income tax number 9528/919/15/3 Share code: AIP ISIN: ZAE000123436 (“Adcock Ingram” or “the Company” or “the Group”) Directors: KDK Mokhele (Chairman)*, JJ Louw (Chief Executive Officer), AG Hall (Deputy Chief Executive and Financial Director), M Haus*, T Lesoli*, PM Makwana*, CD Raphiri*, LE Schönknecht*, RI Stewart*, AM Thompson* * Independent non-executive Company secretary: NE Simelane Registered office: 1 New Road, Midrand, 1682 Postal address: Private Bag X69, Bryanston, 2021 Transfer secretaries: Computershare Investor Services (Pty) Limited 70 Marshall Street, Johannesburg, 2001 PO Box 61051, Marshalltown, 2107 Auditors: Ernst & Young Inc. Wanderers Office Park, 52 Corlett Drive, Illovo, 2196 Sponsor: Deutsche Securities (SA) (Pty) Limited 3 Exchange Square, 87 Maude Street, Sandton, 2146 Bankers: Nedbank Limited, 135 Rivonia Road, Sandown, Sandton, 2146 Rand Merchant Bank, 1 Merchant Place, corner Fredman Drive and Rivonia Road, Sandton, 2196 Attorneys: Read Hope Phillips, 30 Melrose Boulevard, Melrose Arch, 2196 Forward-looking statements: Adcock Ingram may, in this document, make certain statements that are not historical facts and relate to analyses and other information which are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These statements may also relate to our future prospects, developments and business strategies. Examples of such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding exchange rate fluctuations, volume growth, increases in market share, total shareholder return and cost reductions. Words such as “believe”, “anticipate”, “expect”, “intend”, “seek”, “will”, “plan”, “could”, “may”, “endeavour” and “project” and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements, but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. By their very nature, forward-looking statements involve inherent risks and uncertainties, both general and specific, and there are risks that the predictions, forecasts, projections and other forward-looking statements will not be achieved. If one or more of these risks materialise, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated. Forward-looking statements apply only as of the date on which they are made, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any of them, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. www.adcock.com
Date: December 27, 2011 Motrin Recall McNeil Consumer Healthcare Division of McNEIL-PPC, Inc. is recalling certain lots of MOTRIN IB 24 count COATED CAPLETS, MOTRIN IB 24 count COATED TABLETS and MOTRIN IB 24+6 count COATED CAPLETS from retailers. It is possible there may be a delay in experiencing relief. FULL RECALLED PRODUCT LIST: ACA310, ACA460, ADA407, AEA262, AFA226, AJA170, ALA
J. Bangladesh Electron. 10 (1-2); 57-63, 2010 One Step Synthesis and Optical Evaluation of Copper Oxide (CuO) Nanoparticles *M. Abdul Momin1, Roksana Pervin1, M. Jalal Uddin1 G.M. Arifuzzaman Khan2 and Momtazul Islam1 1Dept of Applied Physics, Electronics and Communication Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh 2Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemic