Formulation and evaluation of nanosuspension drug delivery system for poorly soluble drugaceclofenac

Available online on www.ijcpr.com (ISSN: 0976 822X) International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research
Volume 1, Issue 3, November 2010 - January 2011 Research Article
Formulation, Development and Evaluation
of floating tablet of Metformin Hydrochloride using
optimization of gas generating agent
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University,Jagatpura,Jaipur,Rajasthan,India -302025 Abstract: The present study deals with drug release enhancement of Metformin
Hydrochloride using floating technology by optimization of gas generating agent to improve the buoyancy time. Metformin hydrochloride is a oral antihyperglycemic agent of biguanide class used in treatment of type 2 Diabetes. It is hydrophilic drug which absorbed slowly and not completely form the gastrointestinal tract. The absolute bioavailability is reported to be 50-60%. This technology uses direct compression method to prepare floating tablet of Metformin Hydrochloride with release retardant polymer HPMC K-100, PVP K-30, Carbopol 934p and different concentration of gas forming agents sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. The floating behavior and in vitro dissolution studies ware carried out. From the result final formulation release was found to be approximately 96% in 24 hr, while the floating lag time was observed to be 3 min and the tablet remained floatable throughout studies. Form the result of the study we conclude that incorporation of gas generating agent produced initial burst-effect due to production and release of CO2 form polymeric matrix. Increased concentration of sodium bicarbonate results in increased bursting effect. Optimum concentration of sodium bicarbonate was found to be 8-10% to produce low floating lag time. Thus, with using of optimum concentration of gas generating agent the floating tablet of Metformin Hydrochloride was successfully developed. Key words: Metformin hydrochloride, sodium bicarbonate, floating lag time
Corresponding author Email: [email protected] Introduction
During the last decade, many formulations have been performed concerning sustained release mechanisms of drugs. Orally administration of drug is the predominant and most accepted route for drug delivery because of several advantages like patients compliance, easy to administration etc. amongst the sustained release, the floating drug delivery system of drug is predominant method for sustained release of Metformin hydrochloride. Depending on the mechanisms of buoyancy, two different methods viz., effervescent and non-effervescent systems have been used in the development of floating drug delivery system. Effervescent methods utilize polymer metrics like HPMC K100, Carbopol 934p, and gas generating agent like sodium bicarbonate, citric acid. Proper optimization of gas generating agent is important Metformin Hcl is a biguanide antihyperglycemic agent that improves glucose tolerance in patients with type II diabetes. Metformin Hydrochloride is incompletely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract, it has absorption window confined to upper part of gastrointestinal tract .It has half life of 1.7 hours and its absolute bioavailability is reported to be about 45-50% of the administered dose, hence it is a suitable candidate for gastroretentive floating drug Materials and Methods
Metformin hydrochloride and HPMC K 100were received as gift sample from JCPL pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd., jalgaon. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was purchased form Preparation of floating tablet
1) Weigh accurately Metformin hydrochloride, HPMC K 100, PVP K 30, Carbopol 934p and talc according to formula given in table 1. 2) Then passed all above materials through different required sieve for uniformity. 3) Mix the drug with all above excipient geometrically for 10 min to achive homogeneous 4) The mixed the Magnesium stearate with above homogeneous blend for 3 min. 5) Tablet ware prepared by direct compression technique using cadmach single punch IJCPR, Nov 2010 – Jan 2011
Table 1: Ingredients of different Batch Numbers
Ingredients (mg per tablet)
Batch No.
Metformin hydrochloride
HPMC K 100M
Carbopol 934p
Sodium bicarbonate
Citric acid
Magnesium stearate
Figure 1: Standard curve of Metformin hydrochloride at 233nm
Conce ntration
Evaluation of tablet
(1) Floating lag time
The tablets were placed in a 100ml beaker containing 0.1 N HCL and the time required for the tablet to rise to the upper surface is noted. (2) In-vitro dissolution study
IJCPR, Nov 2010 – Jan 2011
The Metformin Hydrochloride release from different bi-layer formulation was determined using USP Type-2 apparatus under sink condition. The dissolution medium was 900ml simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2, no enzyme) at 37+ 5 ̊C, paddle speed 50rpm to stimulate in-vivo condition. The formulation was subjected to dissolution test for 24 hr. Sample(5ml) was withdrawn at predetermined interval, filtered through whatmann filter paper and replaced by an equal volume of dissolution medium. Drug content in the dissolution sample was analyzed at 233mm by using UV spectrophotometer. Table 2: Floating lag time of A,B,C batch
Floating lag time
Total floating time
Table 3: Dissolution profile of A,B & C Batch
% Concentration
IJCPR, Nov 2010 – Jan 2011
(3) Floating time
The total floating time of tablet was studied in USP type-2 dissolution apparatus a at 37+ 5 ̊C in 900ml simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2, no enzyme). The time of floatation Figure 2: Floating lag time of A,B & C batch
Figure 3 Dissolution profile of Different batch A, B & C
Tim e(hr)
Result and Discussion
The floating tablet of Metformin Hydrochloride using optimization of different gas forming agent, Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid was prepared and evaluated for lag time, total IJCPR, Nov 2010 – Jan 2011
floating time and drug release profile to increase its bioavailability and its local action. In the present study three formulations were prepared using different concentration of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid and evaluated for lag time. On the immersion in a 100ml beaker containing 0.1 N HCL solution the tablets were float by bursting effect of gas forming agent. Incorporation of gas generating agent produced burst-effect due to production and release of generated CO2 from polymer matrix. Higher concentration of sodium bicarbonate results into higher bursting effect. All formulated batches (A, B & C) passed the weight variation test, hardness test, friability and physical characteristics. Increase in hardness will decrease the porosity of the tablet and ultimately to the water penetration and floating lag time. In such cases, it would be necessary to go up to 10% sodium bicarbonate to get a low floating lag time in presence of other excipients. Formula A contains 5% sodium bicarbonate and 5% citric acid. Formula B contains 7.5% Sodium bicarbonate and 2.5% citric acid and Formula C contains 8.75 sodium bicarbonate and 1.25% citric acid. Formula A showed high floating lag time compared to formula B. Formula C showed less floating time as compared to formula B but high bursting effect than Formula A and B. Formula B is optimum for floating of tablet that showed less floating lag time and less bursting effect. Conclusion
The floating tablet of Metformin Hydrochloride with polymer and different concentration of gas forming agent was formulated. Formula B was found to be .optimum. Thus it was conclude to use sodium bicarbonate 8-10% to get least floating. References:
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Baumgartner, S., Smid-Korbar, J.,Vrecer, F., Kristl, J., 1998. Physical and technological parameters influencing floating properties of matrix tablets based on cellulose ethers. Rosa M, Zia H, Rhodes T, Dosing and testing in-vitro of a bioadhesive and floating drug delivery system for oral application, Int. J. Pharm; 1994,105:65-70. K Raghuram Reddy, Srinivas Mutalik, Srinivas Reddy, Once-daily sustained release matrix tablets of Nicorandil: Formulation and in vitro evaluation, AAPS PharmSciTech; Aulton ME, Wells TI, Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design. London, England, Churchill Livingston; 1998;247. Cooper J, Gun C, Powder Flow and Compaction. Inc Carter SJ, Eds. Tutorial Pharmacy. New Delhi, hidix CBS Publishers and Distributors; 1986:211-233. 10) Chatwal, G R., Anand S K., Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis (Analytical chemistry). Fifth revised and Enlarged edition, Himalaya Publishing House: 2.29-2.82, 11) Chein YW. Novel Drug Delivery Systems. 2nd ed. Vol 50. New York: Marcel Dekker. 12) Yeole PG, Khan S, Patel VF. Floating drug delivery system: need and development. Ind 13) Talukder R, Fassihi R. Gasroretentive delivery system: A mini review. Drug Dev Ind 14) Shirwaikar AA, Kumar SMR, Jacob S, Rashi W, Ravi K, Recent development in floating drug delivery system for gastric retention of drugs, an overview. Ind Drugs 15) Jain NK. Pharmaceutical product development. 1st ed. Delhi: CBS Publication and IJCPR, Nov 2010 – Jan 2011

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