The purpose of this series is to help you to understand research concepts by breaking them down into ‘bite-sized chunks’. TRIPLE THERAPY IMPROVES LUNG FUNCTION IN COPD
Research Project Manager, Module Leader for Evidenced Based Healthcare, Education
DOUBLE BLIND RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL The phrase ‘double blind randomised controlled trial’ is common in
research journals but what does it mean?
In order for the effectiveness of new interventions (e.g. drugs, treatments
or diagnostic methods) to be evaluated they need to be tried out or
‘trialled’. Research designed to test an intervention is therefore called a
Trials evaluate whether the effects of new interventions on patients differ
from usual care or placebo (an inactive substance). The usual care or
placebo is the control; the standard against which the new intervention is
Adding fluticasone/salmeterol to tiotropium therapy in patients with
moderate to severe COPD improved lung function, quality of life, and
• Why is the controlled trial ‘randomised’?
hospitalisation rates but did not statistically influence exacerbation rates,
Imagine you wish to run a controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a
new drug treatment. The intervention and control groups should be as
A total of 449 patients with moderate or severe COPD were randomised to
one year’s treatment with tiotropium plus placebo, tiotropium plus salmeterol, or
similar as possible at the start so that any differences at the end of the
tiotropium plus fluticasone/salmeterol.
trial can be attributed to the new treatment. The best way of doing
Results showed that nearly two-thirds (62.8%) of patients treated with
this is to randomly allocate patients to receive either the new drug or
tiotropium plus placebo experienced an exacerbation, which was similar to the
rate in patients given tiotropium plus salmeterol (64.8%) or tiotropium plus
Further results demonstrated that tiotropium plus fluticasone/salmeterol
improved lung function (p=<0.049) and disease-specific quality of life (p =<0.01)
and reduced the number of hospital admissions for COPD exacerbation (incidence
rate ratio, 0.53 [CI, 0.33 to 0.86]) and all-cause hospitalisations (incidence rate
ratio, 0.67 [CI, 0.45 to 0.99]) compared with tiotropium plus placebo.
In contrast, tiotropium plus salmeterol did not statistically improve lung
function or hospitalization rates compared with tiotropium plus placebo.
Addition of fluticasone/salmeterol to tiotropium therapy may improve lung
function, quality of life, and hospitalisation rates in patients with moderate
to severe COPD but will not influence rates of COPD exacerbation.
• Why is it the randomised controlled trial ‘double blind’?
This means that the patients included in the trial and the researchers
handling the data do not know (are blind to) which group patients are in.
You might like to ponder why this might be, and whether it is always
possible to achieve in clinical trials. These questions will be addressed in
Education for Health runs training in Reading and Understanding
Research Papers and Evidenced Based Healthcare
KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN READ SAFETY DIRECTIONS BEFORE OPENING OR USING Brazen® NON-SELECTIVE HERBICIDE Active Constituent: 200g/L Glufosinate-ammonium HERBICIDE For non-residual control of broadleaf and grass weeds in various situations as specified in the DIRECTIONS FOR USE table IMPORTANT: READ THE ATTACHED LEAFLET BEFORE USING THIS PRODUCT. Contents:
PERSPECTIVES patterns—electric blue in the westernCaribbean, lemon yellow in the Northern Why Gobies Are Like Hobbits Caribbean—might be local signals to preda-tors that these gobies are the valet serviceAs Bilbo Baggins famously warned, trav- genetic breaks between island groups that rather than the entrée. If this is true, then thelive relatively close together. These breaksw
The purpose of this series is to help you to understand